These topics may be in any area of the history of latin america in the period covered. The fully revised textbook latin america in colonial times presents that story in an engaging but informative new package, revealing how a new civilization and region latin america emerged from that encounter. Mulattoes spanish and african descent, denied all political, economic, and social rights. This set of sources is intended to provoke inquiry and insight into the abiding legacy of european colonialism in latin america. This lesson will help your students learn about how society changed in latin america with the arrival of the europeans. Latin america had a highly rigid social class system with spanish and portuguese colonists at the top and poor indigenous peoples and enslaved africans at the bottom, similar to social class systems in other parts of the world at this time. What conditions encouraged or discouraged the growth and development of the hacienda in colonial latin america. Toussaint louverture independence for latin america.
By 1870, inequality in latin america was no higher than in the united states and western europe. The black experience in colonial latin america latin. Colonialism and underdevelopment in latin america pa. Missionaries tried to convert the natives to christianity and some tried to protect them from spanish rule rigid class system social pyramid intendancy system system where peninsulares were in control of colonial governments. This chapter analyzes the causes and consequences of the historical evolution of land inequality, considered a determinant of asset inequality and institutional rigidity in latin america. The latin american wars of independence were the various revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in latin america.
Jul 29, 2015 roughly 12 million africans were forcibly transported to europe, asia, the caribbean, and the americas between 1500 and 1900. Creoles american born spaniards, they had no political rights. With native governments such as the efficient inca empire in ruins, the spanish conquistadors needed to find a way to rule their new subjects. Latin america in colonial times by matthew restall, kris.
Colonial latin american caste system when spanish and portuguese colonies were established in central and south america a caste system formed. Same was the case with social stratification in latin america. How was international commerce organized in colonial latin america. We will explore what environmental constraints limited the distribution of fully sedentary societies in latin america. Few milestones in human history are as dramatic and momentous as the meeting of three great civilizations on american soil in the sixteenth century. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The indians e7599 indians of north america e8183 indian wars e99 indian tribes and cultures e1015 discovery of america and early explorations e103110 precolumbian period e111120 columbus e1215 postcolumbian period. Latin american social class system flashcards quizlet. Pdf colonial independence and economic backwardness in latin. Under spanish rule, latin american society was strictly divided into a class system determined by birth. All the earth is a grave and nothing escapes it, nothing is so perfect that it does not descend to its tomb. Somewhere along the line, the spanish began to intermarry and discriminated against these laborers, which in turn created a new class system, and destroyed native cultures. Specific iberian colonial institutions have contributed to high land inequality too.
The enlightenment and other revolutions in france and america helped to stimulate revolutions in latin america. The social class system of latin america goes as follows from the most power. A documentary history is a sourcebook of primary texts and images intended for students and teachers as well as for scholars and general readers. Few milestones in human history are as momentous as the meeting of three great civilizations on american soil in the sixteenth century.
One can identify lower, middle, and upper classes as they are defined by income, occupation, education, and power. Each and every period of its history is crucial in some way to understanding the presentday character of the land. The final transformation of caste and class structure in colonial spanish america came with independence. The kings wanted to keep the colonies under their control and only have loyal people in office. We will discuss about the columbian exchange and its impact in the region. Imperial solutions the spanish colonial system representation of a peninsular spanish family during the latin american colonial period. Between the 1490s and the 1850s, latin america, including the spanishspeaking caribbean and brazil, imported the largest number of african slaves to the new world, generating the singlegreatest concentration of black populations outside of the african continent. Latin american history from 1800 to 1914 outline periods. The human tradition in colonial latin america book summary. Before the arrival of europeans in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the region was home to many indigenous peoples, a number of which had advanced civilizations, most notably from south.
This book covers well over 200 years of latin american history. Latin american countries claim antarctica as well, but since 1959 claims for this region have been suspended by the antarctic treaty, which now has 25 signers and 14 observers. Sugar, wine, and jesuit estates of coastal peru, 16991767 farm and factory. To understand why the british began entertaining colonial aspiratio ns and how the british thought their colonial system should function, we must first consider the.
Selected sources sections studying history reformation early modern world everyday life absolutism constitutionalism colonial north america colonial latin america scientific revolution enlightenment enlightened despots american independence french revolution industrial revolution romanticism conservative order nationalism liberalism 1848 19c. Do these sources demonstrate that plebeians in colonial latin america accepted or contested the ideologies of race and gender that elite groups advanced. This book is perfect for those who are interested latin american art in south america as well as the southwest united states. Social mobility, movement of individuals, families, or groups through a system of social hierarchy or stratification. In colonial latin america, the social classes were organized in a caste system. Our discussions, readings, and assignments will naturally focus on colonial latin america. In 1758, however, courses were opened in the royal and pontifical university of san felipe at santiago and attracted students from the spanish colonies across the andes. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. The new nations carried with them colonial social systems that were strictly hierarchical and in which a small creole elite dominated the economy and politics. Lecture notes the conquest of america anthropology. The goal of the course is to provide students with a venue in which to hone their reading, thinking, writing, and persuasive speaking skills. Colonial society was composed of several social classes. Race, or the last colonial struggle in latin america age. Mission frontiers honor and shame in latin american culture.
The major figures and countries that achieved independence from europe in latin america. During most of the colonial era, spanish american society had a pyramidal structure with a small number of spaniards at the top, a group of mixedrace people beneath them, and at the bottom a large indigenous population and small number of slaves, usually of african origin. In latin american concepts of race, physiological traits are often combined with social traits such as socioeconomic status, so that a person is categorized not only according to physical phenotype but also social standing. The people that survived were used as slaves or laborers.
It is derived from the older latin word castus, chaste, implying that the lineage has been kept pure. The colonial class system label and describe the ethnic and class system hierarchy of spanish colonial america. However, students will find that the skills they will practice in. Documents on latin american history, 15501850 latin clash cards latin for children, primer b latin edition latin clash cards latin for children, primer a latin edition jenneys first year latin the allyn and bacon latin program english and latin edition problems. Among the aristocracy were individuals born in europe or ancestors of european immigrants. The term latin america primarily refers to the spanish and portuguesespeaking countries in. Students write about the divisions within latin american colonial society using 3. Collections social structure of the spanish colonies.
We provide two estimates of the manual formal proletariat. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading latin america in colonial times. The spanish colonial model in this class we are going to be intimately concerned with the theoretical structure and pragmatic working of the british colonial system in north america. Intended to complement textbooks such as burkholder and johnsons colonial latin america by presenting students with primary sources, this reader strives to illustrate the impact of issues such as race, class, gender, sexuality, culture and religion in. Jul 29, 2019 each and every period of its history is crucial in some way to understanding the presentday character of the land.
Class structure in modern latin americathe class structures of latin america are determined by the social relationships of basic economic activities. May 30, 2019 under the encomienda system, prominent spaniards were entrusted with native communities. Education in colonial chile was almost a complete monopoly of the catholic clergy and reinforced the societys strong class differences. What groups made up the class system in spanish america. Often in the study of colonial latin america, it is impossible not to discuss certain themesthere is ample room for differing views of the same event. Dec 28, 2018 this class seeks to explore a wide range of perspectives on the colonial period in latin america.
Latin american colonies guided notes what is latin america define. First of all, we must highlight statistics published by the world bank. Readings include many documents produced during the time periods under study aka primary documents. This essay is going to assess colonialism and the class structure inherited as a main determinant of current development in latin american countries.
This includes encounters of the spanish and the portuguese as well as the dutch with indigenous populations in mexico and south america. The term latin america primarily refers to the spanish and portuguesespeaking countries in the new world. Even so, the colonial period 14921810 stands out as being the era that did the most to shape what latin america is today. The spanishamerican war 1898 ended the spanish colonial presence in the americas. History of latin america the independence of latin america. These relationships include property ownership, labor arrangements, forms and sources of income, and patterns of supervision and subordination, among others. Blackboard system at least three weeks prior to the classes. Latinamerican nations nearer the model of industrial countries, but simple application of amer.
Latin america on the south the southern border of latin america is cape horn, actually the island of hornos. There is no single system of races or ethnicities that covers all modern latin america, and usage of labels may vary substantially. Characteristics of the colonial system rigid class. What effects did the inefficient organization of long distance trade have on the development of colonial latin america. Pdf latin america in colonial times download read online. Millions of indigenous people lived in latin america when. Colonial independence and economic backwardness in latin america. Start studying chapter summary of the conquest and colonial latin america. The highest class was the peninsulares who were considered of pure. Aug 04, 2009 this essay is going to assess colonialism and the class structure inherited as a main determinant of current development in latin american countries.
Women had no defined legal identity as an individual. In the 18th century colonial america, the society was diverse and complex. Peninsulares sent to completely control latin american colonies. Hacienda system article about hacienda system by the free. In reality, however, the encomienda system was thinlymasked slavery and led to some of the worst horrors of the colonial era. Between 1808 and 1826 all of latin america except the spanish colonies of cuba and puerto rico slipped out of the hands of the iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest. Before we can look at the political and economic background of these revolutions, we need to look at the social order of latin america in the 16th, 17th, and 18th. It provided the foundation for the colonization of native land, the enslavement of american indians and africans, and a common identity among socially unequal and ethnically diverse europeans. In which john green talks about the many revolutions of latin america in the 19th century.
The human tradition in colonial latin america is an anthology of life stories of largely ordinary individuals struggling to forge a life during the unstable colonial period in latin america. A history of inequality in latin america world economic. This post is a part of our race and revolution series. Rivers, rivulets, fountains and waters flow, but never return to their joyful beginnings. Ethnicity on the other hand is a system that classifies groups of people according to cultural, linguistic and historic criteria. Race, as a concept denoting a fundamental division of humanity and usually encompassing cultural as well as physical traits, was crucial in early america. In a variety of ways, each source reveals the interplay of economic, political, military, and ideological forces with the personal and cultural development, context, and identities of the people involved. Latin american elites, for their part, willingly adopted this sense of exceptionalism, and for much of the twentieth century the region gained a. Colonial latin america is a 14 slide powerpoint lesson that comes with 2 pages of guided notes. Colonial and neocolonial latin america 17501900 sarah cline overview political independence from spain and portugal in the 19th century did not change most fundamental social and economic structures independence created new nationstates spanish american republics. The colonial system implemented by the europeans in latin america. Lets examine the class system in spanish latin america in the 1700s. Latin america in colonial times presents that story in an engaging but scholarly new package, revealing how a new civilization latin america emerged from that encounter. In the women of colonial latin america susan migden socolow has produced an accessible and insightful introduction to the female experience in this patriarchal world where evolving hierarchies of gender, race, and class combined to regulate womens behavior.
The spanish also created system of castes which created discrimination. Catholic church played a major role in latin america lives by the use of missionaries. As emorys slave trade database shows, a huge proportion of africans ended up in colonial latin america, shaping the emerging societies there and leaving a lasting legacy on race relations today. Casta is an iberian word existing in spanish, portuguese and other iberian languages since the middle ages, meaning lineage, breed or race. The book centers upon peoplepeople from different parts of the world who came together to form societies by chance and by design in the years after 1492. The results of the colonization of latin america were the death of 90% of the indigenous population.
Casta gave rise to the english word caste during the early modern period. Slavery and race in colonial latin america not even past. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. The concentration of land in the hands of the catholic church has had a significant positive impact on land inequality. Cushner, landed estates in the colonial philippines lords of the land. In exchange for native labor and tribute, the spanish lord would provide protection and education. There, no matter how rich you might become, if you were not born of the nobility, you would never be accepted as one of them. The christian church in latin america has always had two faces.
Another major topic of the course is the study of environment and the environmental legacies of the colonial period in latin america. Social structure of colonial latin america chapter 25. History of latin america history of latin america the independence of latin america. It begins with a brief summary of european colonialism, laying the groundwork for the succeeding chapters on the history of the independent nationstates that make up modern latin america. The jesuits and the development of agrarian capitalism in colonial quito. This course introduces students to the history of latin america between the advent of european colonialism in 1492 and the separation of most of mainland latin america from spanish and portuguese rule c. Chapter summary of the conquest and colonial latin america. Actually the latin america social hierarchy was totally structured on one thing the place one was born. Where class size permits, i break students into groups of four to five people and instruct them to discuss these questions with their classmates for 1015 minutes. Latin american elites, for their part, willingly adopted this sense of exceptionalism, and for much of the twentieth century the. In mexico, for example, the category mestizo is not defined or applied the same as the corresponding category of mestico in brazil. In this latin american world history worksheet, students fill in a chart to better help them understand why and how latin americans fought colonial rule. The book art in colonial latin america cover dates ranging form 1492 all the way to 1820. The encomienda system was put in place in several areas, most importantly in peru.
Mestizos spanish and native american descent, denied all political, economic, and social rights. By jason mcgraw latin america has long captivated outsiders for its seeming absence of a blackwhite racial binary, fluidity in racial selfascriptions, and raciallymixed populations. Spanish conquerors used their large plantations to force labor among african and indian slaves. Social class in colonial america d ivisions based on income, occupation, education, and decisionmaking power have always existed in societies. After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of spanish and portuguese america. Ones social class was directly tied to how pure his blood was and his place of birth.
Bailey has a way of capturing the reader right from the beginning. There are six things you need to know about the colonial era. In the 1500s, spain systematically conquered parts of north, central and south america as well as the caribbean. If such mobility involves a change in position, especially in occupation, but no change in social class, it is called horizontal mobility. These revolutions followed the american and french revolution, which had profound effects on the spanish, portuguese and french. Source for information on class structure in modern latin america.
Caste and class structure in colonial spanish america. The social class system is always dependent on certain rules or specification on which the social partition of that society is based on. Documents on latin american history, 15501850 oxford, 2000, is a collection of primary documents presented as case studies covering virtually every topic in the course. Now in its sixth edition, colonial latin america provides a concise study of the history of the iberian colonies in the new world from their preconquest background to the wars of independence in the early nineteenth century. This rigid social class system contradicted the enlightenment idea of. Arrived on time and ready for class colonial lives.